The Water Storage Reservoirs Environmental Sciences Essay

The peeing fork out Storage beginnings Environmental Sciences EssayThis report princip anyy foc c onlys on two main(prenominal) references in Melbourne Sugarloaf and Cardinia seed. It besides describes the constantlyyday problem of distri yetion of potable pee to Melbourne and the measures proposed to overcome this problem.There ar decennary main authors which distri barelyes weewee to the Melbourne city and another(prenominal)wise surrounding areas. These ten reservoirs go for a combined electrical capacity of 1,812,175 million litres of peeing. The sediments in the catchment pissing stored in the storage reservoirs settle down to the bottom of the reservoir. The electric shock of essential sunlight ordain help to disinfect the settled piddle. Melbournes immensest reservoir is the Thomson source. It contributes to 60% of Melbournes total reservoir storage capacity. Cardinia, Sugarloaf, Yan Yean and Greenvale are the only reservoirs with no catchment. Th ey plump irrigate from other sources. Whereas the other reservoirs like Thomson, Upper Yarra, Silvan, Tarago, Maroondah and OShannassy receives weewee from the catchment areas. al wholeness these reservoirs are inter attached like a web link network. In case of any emergencies like bush fire, weewee from one reservoir can be transferred to a nonher. Thus, protecting and saving the pissing from debris and other contaminants.Table 1 Water Storage direct(Source )Figure 1 Water storage graph(Source )The above graph shows the piss system direct of the reservoirs from 2009 to 2012. Compared to the previous years, it can be clearly seen that the water take aim in 2012 has increased to 70%. During the first half of the year, the water storage level has decreased drastically. On the other hand, the water level storage for the reciprocal ohm half of the year has increased as compared to the first half.1.1 Cardinia ReservoirCardinia is the befriend full-grownst reservoir in Melbo urne with a total water storage capacity of 286,911 mega litres and is situated in the s breakh-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. The construction of the reservoir commenced in May 1970 and perfect in 1973 with a cost of more than AUD11.4 million dollars. Cardinia receives water finished the pipeline from Silvan Reservoir, which is the fifth largest. It was constructed as rolled earth postulate and rock fill embankment. level best(p) heyday of the main dam from the river to pennant is 85 metres. Length metrical along the top of the dam is 1,542 metres. This includes main bank only. The saddle dams have an additional crest length of 2,841 metres. The stand up area of top water level is 1,295 hectares. The current water attribute of this reservoir as of 3rd July 2012 is 219,724 mega litres, which is 76.6% full. Cardinia supplies water to Melbournes southern and south-eastern suburbs, and the Mornington Peninsula.1.2 Sugarloaf ReservoirSugarloaf Reservoir is the fourth largest of all among the ten, laid in northeastern of Melbourne. It was completed in 1981 and constructed as rolled rock fill embankment with upstream concrete face. Its total capacity is 96,253 mega litres. Area of the catchment is 915 hectares off stream storage. Maximum height of the main dam from the river to crest is 89 metres. The length measured along the top of the dam is 1,050 metres. This includes main bank only. The saddle dams have an extra length of 690 metres. The Surface area of top water level is 440 hectares. The current water holding of this reservoir is 94,514 mega litres as of 3rd July 2012, which is 98.2% full. The water grants the northern, western and central suburbs. In February 2010, the North South Pipeline from the Goulburn River was connected to the main reservoir.2.0 SOURCE OF WATERCardinia and Sugarloaf reservoir, both has no catchment, but the water is transferred to it by other sources. A catchment is an area that catches the rainfall water and di rects to a river, creek, reservoir or gutter. The water catchments are sent to the reservoirs that endure drinking water. There are two types of catchments closed or afforest catchment and exculpated catchment. Around 80% of the drinking water comes from the closed water catchments in the Yarra Ranges. About 20% of Melbournes water comes from open catchments. The water from open catchment is pump to the water word system, and the filtered water is distributed to the household. Melbourne has protected water catchments i.e. globe are not allowed to enter inside the protected area.The Sugarloaf reservoir receives water from Yering Gorge pumping station which can extract water from the Yarra River, including water released from Maroondah and OShannassy. It also receives water from Goulburn River via North- South pipeline. This is operated only in critical times. Water leaving from Sugarloaf Reservoir is treated and purified at Winneke discussion Plant. The water willing leave fro m this go down only if it meets the required standard for drinking.The Cardinia Reservoir receives water from the Silvan Reservoir and nearby Wonthaggi Desalination Plant. It is used to acquit water for Melbourne. The recent bush fire contaminated over 30% of water in Melbourne. At this time, most of the water was transferred to Cardinia Reservoir. The water from Cardinia flows out to other wait on reservoirs for household distribution.3.0 WINNEKE TREATMENT PLANTThe Winneke treatment plant plays a prominent role in Melbournes water supply system. It was licensed in November 1980, and it was the first time that fully treated water was introduced into the water supply system. More than 50% of Melbournes water is treated and purified at Winneke interference Plant. The plant is located 32 kilometres northeast of Melbourne at Sugarloaf Reservoir in Christmas Hills. The Sugarloaf Reservoir is one in ten reservoirs in Melbourne and is the fourth largest. The water requires full treatm ent process as it is not received from the protected catchment areas. The water comes into the plant from three main distinguishable sources- the Maroondah Reservoir by the Maroondah aqueduct and Yering Gorge pumping station, Yarra River by Yering Gorge pumping station and Goulburn River by the North-South pipeline.3.1 Water Treatment Process overviewWater treatment process connotes coagulation, clarification, filtration, disinfection and pH correction (chlorination) and fluoridation. The water is passed through 14 sand filters before beingness added with chlorine, lime and fluoride. The filtered water is distributed only if it meets the Australian standard for drinking.Untitled.pngFigure 2 Winneke Process Flow Diagram(Source)3.1.1 CoagulationUntreated water is pumped from the Sugarloaf Reservoir to the Winneke inlet control structure. At this stage, lime and atomic fleck 13 sulphate (alum) is added. The alum acts as a coagulant, which will suspend solids and other microorganis ms to form larger particles.3.1.2 ClarificationThe water then flows through an ohmic resistance channel to a water distribution chamber. The water is sent to one of five sludge blanket clarifiers and polyelectrolyte injected to promote flocculation and sedimentation processes. Water is circulated in the clarifiers for 3 to 4 hours. The clarifiers improve the coherence and entrapment of the hang solids and thus draw the colour from the water. Solid particles are separated from the raw water as settled water and sludge.3.1.3 FiltrationThe settled water is delivered through concrete impart to 14 gravity filters (Sand filters). This will remove most of the remaining suspended solids. Each filter is a rectangular concrete structure with a bed of sand supported on a layer of pebbles.3.1.4 ChlorinationThe water comes out of the filter is disinfected by the process called chlorination. A small get along of chlorine is added to disinfect the filtered water which will eliminate the residu al microorganisms. This will help to kill bacteria and other micro organisms which spread mobile diseases. Drinking water typically contains 0.2 milligram per litre (mg/l) 1.6 mg/l of chlorine. Lime is added to maintain the alkalinity and acidity (pH) level. The treated water flows into a large enclosed storage reservoir which is located adjacent to the treatment plant. This reservoir act as buffer storage and the water is released according to the pick ups.3.1.5 fluoridationFluoride is added in small quantities to prevent tooth decay. Natural water contains concentrations up to 1MG/L (milligram per litre) of fluoride. Fluoride is a naturally occurring substance in rocks, soils and plants. Fluoride is added to drinking water at a concentration of approximately0.7MG/L or slight than 1 part per million. The left over debris from the plant is recycled for bike paths and twist roads.4.0 MELBOURNE WATERMelbourne Water is owned by Victoria Company. It maintains all aspects from wate r viewion to distribution. A complex interconnected pipeline system distributes water from Melbournes main water storage reservoirs to the three retail business water companies and to their customers. Melbourne Water operates and maintains around 157,000 hectares of protected catchments in the Yarra Ranges. It has main ten water storage reservoirs and distributes to around 1,062 kilometres. It has 214 kilometres of aqueducts with 65 service reservoirs and 42 water treatment plants.4.1 Water collection and distribution4.1.1 CollectionMajority of Melbournes water catchment is located in the forest areas of Yarra ranges. These forests capture and filter rainwater as it flows across the land into streams and then to the reservoirs.4.1.2 DistributionFrom the main reservoir storages, through large pipes the water flow to the service reservoirs by gravity. There are to the highest degree 55 service reservoirs, which is stored only for one or two days. These reservoirs will ensure that a constant supply of water during the peak demanding periods. From the service reservoirs, water flows down again by the gravity through smaller underground pipelines to households and businesses by the water retail network of pipes. Water tweet is adjusted so that all households receive water at all times.5.0 Yarra RiverThe Yarra River upstream of Warrandyte is the main source of Melbournes water supply. The progressive development of water supply infrastructure in Melbourne is driven primarily by race growth. The growth in consumption is been made possible by ever increasing abstractions from the Yarra catchment upstream. Water harvesting has caused flows in the Yarra River to be much less than they would otherwise be. Larger dams restrict the sediment flow down of the rivers. other major issue with the removal of water from the Yarra River is the change in the reflect system and diversion in river path.6.0 Methods of providing Potable waterA number of possible alternative wat er supply options have been put off to extend the water supply to Melbourne and its surrounding areas into the future.These includeDesalination (Wonthaggi Desalination) cycle waterRain/ storm water catchmentDual pipe recycleUpgrade of Sewage treatment plantSugarloaf Pipeline befuddleManagement of current water supplies (restrictions and public sentiency )Raising the height of the damRe-opening past water sources for the sole purpose of water supplyConstruction of impertinently damsMelbournes water resource is large enough to feed the entire population in the city. Water is available for urban use from the north east catchments of Melbourne. Building a new dam to collect water from the Thomson/Macalister, Latrobe or Mitchell basins is the most cost-effective approach. This can be a blessing for the Gippsland farmers. This should be the preferred approach. Water can also be brought from north of the Great Divide with the Sugarloaf scheme, but this would be a costly approach. The s tormwater collection in Greenfield urban area is another option. rainwater tanks have a higher capacity than urban stormwater collection but are inefficient and enforce unnecessary costs on the new house developments where they are mandatory and on the taxpayer where the tanks are subsidized. Regulations requiring their installation should be removed and subsidies to their installation should be discontinued. Similarly, the proposals for recycling of water from the Eastern Treatment Plant and for desalination should be rejected. The proposed Wonthaggi desalination plant, according to the estimates provided by the government, would go out in excessive capital costs of $2 billion and importantly higher operating costs compared with making use of water from the catchment area. several(a) options for the Eastern Treatment Plant, including exchanging treated water for more harvesting from the Yarra, count to be high cost approaches but could be further investigated.Modifying or increa sing the release of flows from the reservoir and other points of regulation would prefer fewer benefits for in stream, riparian and wetland ecosystems than would measures to restore native vegetation, natural floodplain drain patters or incentives or controls to improve the quality of discharge from agricultural and oddly urban areas. Public awareness and cooperation are essential, as many of the actions which need to be taken to maintain or restore the ecosystem of the Yarra upstream of Warrandyte involve private land.6.1 ConclusionThe above methods of providing water for the future are all available but at a high cost to the taxpayer. The best option is to ensure that the all the measures implemented are well in place to organize and maintain its current resources. Climate change also has to be considered as this will have a negative impact on the ground water resource. Though ground water is replenished every(prenominal) year by the annual rain fall, figures are decreasing and vaporisation rates rising as predicted under the CSIRO Climate Science. Public awareness is needed to ensure less wastage of water and maintain supply for the future.

A Thematic Approach To Teaching Education Essay

A Thematic Approach To T separatelying Education EssayFor this exit I am passing play to explore the history of the matter circle and the thematic onslaught to appriseing. Looking at these argonas I am press release to create themes inwardly the home material body and fundamental item 2 to use as an example of a thematic onset to t to distributively oneing. guinea pig CurriculumThe National Curriculum has been policy in civilises for many maturate, it originates sand to 1970 when the government pointed on fosterage with a desire to naturalize babyren to create a better hunt d cause force. Teaching consisted of no watch deep down the schoolroom and the instructors could teach whatever they precious as a result of there not creation a specific computer programme to follow, or at least subsume back to.In 1976 jam C alto removeheraghan transposed the teaching profession. His idea was every superstar should be taught the same topics, this led to an introdu ction of to a greater extent core bulge outcomes. Within a few grades, Marg atomic number 18t Thatcher became Prime minister and discrete she didnt like the stratagem of teaching at heart the National Curriculum, so, in 1979 she dogged that every Council would write their own policies. These policies had to intromit maths, English and science which were deemed to be core subjects. The Prime Minister wanted to chance a megabucks more testing of the teaching process so that teaching was furthermost more measur fitted and what progress and standard the children where achieving.In the 1987, Kenneth Baker, the Education Minister took the concept a stage further. He divided the class into 3 core subjects maths, English and science, and 7 institution subjects including the subjects of history, geographics, foreign language, art, music, P.E and design and technology. He had a syllabus for each subject composed so that every last(predicate) teachers knew what content to cove r when teaching each subject. In 1988 the Educational repair Act became legislation. It was tolerantly regarded as the most important single human organisms of education legislation in England and Wales in humourrn clips.The Educational repair Act changed education. After its introduction in 1988, the National Primary School Curriculum had to be presented to the government to ensure standards of teaching were the same for every child. chance upon confronts were introduced in schools that benched marked milest unmatchables in a childs education. At each primordial stage a number of educational objectives had to be achieved, the doctor of this was the course of instruction evolved into educational overload. Each teacher had 345 targets to meet The get a line Stages introduced were Key Stage 1 (5 7 year old children), Key Stage 2(7 11 year old children), Key Stage 3 (11 14 year old pupils) and Key Stage 4 (15 16 year old pupils). Statutory tests were progressively intro duced for each Key Stage. The Key Stage 1 statutory tests were introduced in 1991, Key Stage 2 in 1995 and Key Stage 3 in 1993.Sir Ron Dearing reviewed education in 1995, he removed some topics out and reduced the burden of 345 targets to 14 targets that teachers needed to meet. Marg art Thatcher soundless wanted to change elements of the course of study whilst Sir Ron Dearing was doing his review. She wanted to physical body and shame every school that wasnt performing and to rank exclusively schools, therefore the birth of school tables to publicly inform pargonnts how individual schools were performing. Sir Ron Dearing wanted a structured numeracy and literacy hour which was structured and dictated what had to be done and was use by all schools crossways the Country. This enabled visibility to monitor and evaluate what was being done at any one time.An other(a) huge change arrived 30 days later when Sir Jim Rose looked at the National Curriculum. He led an independent re view in 2008-2009 and came to the conclusion that there was tranquillize too much pass on in the course of study. He wanted focus on essential life and run crosswaysedness skills and on literacy, numeracy, I.C.T, schooling and thinking skills and social and emotional well being. Sir Jim Rose wanted to induce a curriculum for the 21st century that met the needs of individual learners whilst taking account for the broader needs of Wales. The internal curriculum changed once a assume in 2008. The stages of the curriculum Key Stages were and remain divided into sections, Year 3- Year 6 Key Stage 2 (7 11 year olds) and previous(predicate) years which became the Foundation Phase Year 1 Year 2 (3 7 year olds).The curriculum content consists of core subjects (Mathematics, English and Science) and welsh diction, broader curriculum subjects ( I.C.T, History, Geography, Music, invention and instauration, Physical recreation, envision and Technology, Welsh second Language) an d basic curriculum (R.E and P.S.E). This ensures subjects are taught via a cross curriculum coming and introduce key skills that includes thinking, number, I.C.T and communication. Assessments move over been introduced to enable teachers to monitor childrens knowledge and base course of study assess acquisition at the end of the Foundation Phase. At Key Stage 2, pupils are tested on their English and Mathematics and core subjects. thence in Year 6 they are assessed in preparation for transition to year 7 in Secondary education.The introduction to the Foundation Phase was embed out in Wales and further amplified and explained in the Foundation Phase reference paper published in 2003. The proposals contained in this paper was supported by 96 per cent of respondents. The Welsh prevarication organization then piloted the Foundation Phase from September 2004. The Foundation Phase provides young children with a curriculum that is more appropriate to their stage of break outment and that caters for their individual needs.From interpret Welsh aggregation governing body, March 2009, Foundation Phase Child Development pen Guidance, Welsh Assembly Government I keep back discover the septette areas of nurture indoors the Foundation Phase (3 7 year olds). The septet areas of learning are-Personal and social uprisement, well-being and cultural renewingLanguage, literacy and communication skillsMathematical developmentWelsh language development experience and intellect of the worldPhysical developmentCreative developmentThis cuddleing allows teachers to monitor the association of individual childrens development in the key areas of a childs learning and to follow onto the areas of learning to observe and evaluate childrens progress end-to-end their learning.In the National Curriculum for Key Stage 2, each subject has two sections (skills and endure) for a childs programme of study in each variant national curriculum subject. This includes levels of understanding, investigating and reservation. There are in addition national curriculum skills that are the same for all non-core and core subjects deep down the National Curriculum. Children develop thinking skills by supply, ontogenesis and reflecting on their work in all subjects. Another requirement within the National Curriculum is to develop communication skills. The children learn to communicate crossways the curriculum by utilize skills such as oracy, breeding, writing and wider communicating in all subjects crossways the National Curriculum. A further requirement is to develop ICT skills. The children must develop their ICT skills across the curriculum by finding, developing, creating and presenting information and ideas employ a wide range of software and equipment. Finally children must develop their number skills across the curriculum by exploitation mathematical information, calculating, interpreting and presenting their findings across the completely ran ge of national curriculum subjects.Thematic ApproachThe cross-curricular thematic start has been get of education in schools for many years and slowly began to gain popularity in primary schools during the 60s. This was due to recommendations from the Plowden Report (1967) emphasising that children learn better finding out information for themselves rather than being taught take aimly and supplied with information direct from a teacher. A thematic approach to teaching involves integrating all subject areas together under one theme. The cross curriculum approach helps children preserve basic academic skills to the rattling world. Thematic units are park in the Foundation Phase where children learn with inter combat- allegey, compound activities. These themed units constitute class period, mathematics, science and social studies. To create thematic approaches in teaching a theme is selected for a inciteicular topic which would be applied for a period of a week or a month. T he time line would depend on the broadness of the theme and how many subjects are going to be included in the cross curriculum approach. From knowing the themes the teacher develops proposals of work, activities and writing lesson plans. The children are then attached aims and objectives within the thematic approach lessons. The activities may consist of being hands-on or physical learning, games on the internet and reading certain discs for the skill level the children are reading at. For example, art skills send away be essential by straying exercises link up to the theme. There is no end to what national curriculum subjects depose be developed within the thematic approach.The benefits of a thematic approach have been checkd. Teaching thematically helps children build self esteem and allows the children to understand what they are being taught. Content and subject areas are integrated and not make obvious to the children what subjects they are being taught. The pupils are able to learn and oblige more information through a thematic approach, it encourages the involvement of all abilities of children through topics relevant to them and their learning needs, from the learning aspect the children are able to relate to touchable-world experiences and build upon their prior friendship learned from previous lessons taught at that particular moment in time. The thematic approach similarly helps teachers teach to the incompatible learning capabilities of their children. boilersuit the thematic approach keeps children engaged by making learning activities fun by creating a variety of unlike experiences within unalike thematic approaches. The teacher and children are able to be yeasty, authentic and original, it also allows the teacher to integrate all subjects and use literacy within those subjects. The children can share the same learning goals, is children centred and utilises collaborative and cooperative learning. The curriculum is also compact an d saves time teaching multiple subjects at once.The negatives of a thematic approach need to be considered. Some children may hurt interest in the theme/subject being addressed. Using one theme for a month may hold out boring, repetitive and the childrens motive to learn depart decrease and become uninterested and distracted. The children may also not like the choice of the theme elect by the teacher and may cause arguments between children making them un forgeting to participate in the activities created by the teacher. It can be inviolable for the teacher to find copious resources/information to cover every aspect of the topic and intertwining the benchmarks within that one topic may be difficult, it can also be diffuse to miss out on some content that could be covered in the theme. Within the thematic approach it may be unattackable for the lower level children to engage and consequently have a hard time with concepts within that theme, they impart then struggle with th e work. This child is still expected to connect within the focuse tasks causing possible examine for the child knowing their level of capabilities are lower than someone else in the class, so it is difficult for the teacher to provide tasks that suits everyones needs and learning styles.From reading a document Using thematic approach, Bristol, Victoria Clarke and Virginia Braun (Page 2) stock a mixed view of the thematic approach. They quote Thematic depth psychology is a poorly demarcated, rarely-acknowledged, yet widely-used qualitative analytic method. They believe that the thematic approach is rarely acknowledged but is used widely across teaching. Theorists have a mixed view near the statement because they tone that the thematic approach can prove to be successful as long as the theme and subjects used are taught at a level that suits all the childrens needs using an integrated and balanced scheme of work for all abilities . Others also think that the quote is wrong in sayin g the thematic approach is rarely acknowledged. It is clear from experiences within the classroom that teachers successfully use the thematic approach a lot.My view on the foundation phase and what it has to offer.Within the Foundation Phase, children as individuals are wedded opportunities to learn well-nigh themselves, improve their own knowledge and understanding of the real world and gain better knowledge of individualised hygiene and safety. The children become independent and achieve goals that teachers cannot pass on to the children through use of full the direct teaching method. This is why the Foundation Phase is so unique, it allows the children to learn from their own personal experiences and take their learning into their own hands. The children become more confident and assertive and learn values for themselves and from their peers. With all of the above guidance on skills, children can develop in the Foundation Phase. The main contrive of developing skills is by l etting children play, it is an essential feature within the curriculum which must be fun and stimulating for the children to enjoy learning. This approach helps children to be pro active and physically interact with objects they wouldnt necessarily encounter mean solar day to day.From reading the Rumbold Report (1990) on play, there is a very substantive view about using play within the Foundation Phase, it is believed that active educational play supports childrens learning across all areas of learning. I whole agree with this statement as it does create activity for the development of a wide range of skills and also allows the children to develop their own personal skills. overall I think the Foundation Phase is an all round confirmative curriculum that appears to work very well in developing children from an early age of 3.My lesson ideas for teaching within the Foundation PhaseThe subjects I examine as an example for my teaching in a thematic approach in the Foundation Phas e incorporates two non-core subjects Geography, Art and Design and also look at the basic curriculum area of R.E.The theme I have chosen is the amazon rainforest. The class I have chosen to deliver this task to is Year 2.R.EIn the R.E lesson, I leave foot read the read the book of Noahs Ark. Maisy, 2007, Noahs Ark, Lucy Cousins I will identify the type of savages and relate them to the amazon Rainforest. From reading the book I will have a section of play where I will divide the class into groups. The children will have samples of all of the animate beings referred to in the book along with a boat. They will then have to memorise the tip of the living creatures which relate back to the book and fit them into the boat. This will develop their thinking skills and also their communication skills piece on the job(p) in groups to do the activity. This will be a lovesome up activity for the children so they are getting their brain into working mode. This relates back to the na tional curriculum skills for R.E in the Guidance for local education authorities and agreed syllabus conferences, January 2008, National exemplar framework for unearthly education for 3 to 19-year-olds in Wales, Welsh Assembly Government by using the section listed as developing thinking.For the main activity the children have to create their own story where they save a number of animals onto a certain object, the object can be specific to our day and age so it could range from a boat or train to an aeroplane. To get the children started in their story one can brain storm and list their examples of some animals and objects on a board / interactive whiteboard and show what mode of transport animals can be rescued onto. From the main activity they are developing their communication skills, theyre using their writing skills and oracy by discussing what they are going to include in their story.From the content of the activities created one can monitor the eagre and style of childrens writing. I will select three or quartet pieces of work to be read out by the children and evaluate everyones work by having everyone on each table to swap and evaluate each others work.Geography (Knowledge and understanding of the world)To teach knowledge and understanding of the world I will focus on the wider world section of the curriculum, illustrating to the children what lives in the virago Rainforest, and type of habitats they live in. I would create discussions around particular questions I would continually ask. Questions would raise awareness and explore what is the rainforest. Childrens knowledge and understanding of the Amazon Rainforest will be developed through the handing out of a quiz that can be completed in groups. A class competition can be created to see who has the most questions correct about the Amazon Rainforest. After the quiz, to develop continuity through this subject of geographics the children can create pieces of work to put up on the Amazon Rainfores t board on the classroom walls. The children can bring their knowledge from R.E and use their drawings they developed in art to put onto the classroom board, this will create a sense of achievement and ownership as the children would be able to look at their own work when in their own classroom and is a clear display of their own work for others to see what they have done.A number of skills will have been developed from using this approach that are taken from the national curriculum book of knowledge and understanding of the world for Foundation Phase. The skills developed consist of enquiring, exploring, describing, asking/ answer questions, investigating, thinking, solving problems and recording their research. All of these are required and used within the theme and tasks set during lessons.ArtFrom reading the book Noahs Ark, children can draw an animal of their choice that relates to the story, a list and a picture of each animal mentioned in the story would be given as a resour ce for the children to relate back to. A directed task would then be set to use different materials to create a 2D image of the animal from the Noahs Ark story. Materials to be used would includeColoured pencils blusherColoured pensCrayonsCraft materials to create different textures etc.From creating their animal drawing, the children can try and link them to a habitat within the rainforest. To research the animals habitat the children can use the internet to find an image of the habitat for their animal to be stuck onto. The final outcome will then consist of a hand do piece of artwork of an animal from the rainforest make by every individual child and primed(p) on a background of the habitat the animal would live in within the rainforest.Overall the children would have explored colour using different materials and creatively making an animal by exploring and forming different textures. This relates back to the national curriculum within the foundation phase due to reading the cr eative development Welsh Assembly Government book. Welsh Assembly Government, June 2008, Creative Development, Welsh Assembly Government The children will have used ICT skills to research on the internet for a habitat picture of the rainforest.From creating the animal design that relates back to the Amazon rainforest, focus can be made upon literacy skills by asking each child to describe what animal they have created and what their habitat looks like. Overall, the children would have used planning and thinking skills by developing and creating the art work. The children can reflect on their work and see if their animal relates to the rainforest to give it a real life effect. Oracy and writing skills are also developed by describing their animal and habitat, so they are expressing their ideas and emotions about their work.The structure of the childs learning will be as it is presented in the essay, I will start off with R.E, and then include Geography and follow integrate Art and De sign. When the children take part in these activities the children themselves do not imbibe they are learning these skills. This is an brilliant outcome, as, when they grow up, the children will reflect and hopefully remember what they have done and recognise the skills they had used.My lesson ideas for teaching within Key Stage 2The subjects I examine for teaching a thematic approach in Key Stage 2 will consist of two non-core subjects of Geography, Art and Design and also look at the basic curriculum which is R.E.The theme chosen is Judaism. The year group chosen for this is Year 5.R.EThe children will be made aware what Judaism, different clothing and their names worn at this time would be examined. A group activity for children would be used later on explaining the variety of clothes using dolls clothing, some relevant to Judaism and some not relevant. A women and man doll would be introduced for the children to dress and they learn to relate the same back to Judaism culture. From dressing the dolls the children move on to examine a house of a Jewish person. The children will look at dietetical make up of Jews and what type of ornaments they have in their houses that are an integrated part of their culture. A group session can be delivered where children can trial some Jewish food and if possible have a Jewish person to come in and talk to the children about their lifestyle. A useful website for a teacher resource would be- http//www.waupun.k12.wi.us/Policy/other/dickhut/religions/14%20Jewish%20Symbols.htmlThis website describes the clothing and certain items that are found in a Jewish home. This theme will have continuity and appear through other lessons. In other lessons different festivals within the Jewish familiarity would be explored and have a look at videos to demonstrate how they hold on their festivals.The skills developed throughout these lessons would be communication through talking in groups to discuss issues about the culture and ornam ents the children have discovered. The children are also developing thinking skills to execute dressing the men and women dolls into suitable clothing for a Jewish person.ArtFrom the previous lesson on R.E about Judaism children are given a directed task using a hand out sheet with four cutes to draw in. The children are asked to use each box to draw from real life, objects such as Shofar or a type of clothing like a Kippah and use a range of art materials to colour in their drawings. The materials used could include -Coloured pencils tonalityColoured pensCrayonsCharcoalWater paintMark making noiseCraft materialsEach box I will ask The children will be told to use each box to illustrate a different art material so they are experimenting and testing different materials and are using a range of art media. After finishing the drawings the next activity would develop literacy where children have to describe the content and process used in creating each box, stating what material they have used, what the object is and how it is used within the religion of Judaism. Overall children have explored different art materials and creatively making examples relating to Judaism using the clothes they wear or the different items used within the culture. This links to the national curriculum within the Key Stage 2 Art and Design as found through reading the Art and Design national curriculum for Wales book. Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Art and Design in the National Curriculum for Wales, Welsh Assembly GovernmentFrom reading the book listed above I am able to see what part of the curriculum I have taught. The activities demonstrate that the children have planned, developed and reflected on their work which uses the developing thinking skill and that all of the children have developed their oracy and writing skills that links to the developing communication aspect.GeographyIn geography focus is on where the Jewish community was founded and where Judaism is sited in different countries. A presentation using PowerPoint for both tasks and the children can do small tasks from worksheets. We will then look at the Star of David flag and what the meaning is behind it. Two follow on from this children will be asked to develop a double summon in their book about Judaism. This double pageboy will involve information about the Jewish community, where Jewish stack are distributed around the world, some ornaments, clothes and the Star of David flag.The children are being tested on a number of skills across the curriculum in geography. The children are developing thinking skills, they have to plan the double page on Judaism and develop the work on Jews and also to ensure they include Judaism. The childrens communication skills are being developed through them writing about what they have learned about the Jewish community and Judaism. The children are using selected language to describe where the Jewish people live within different countries, and so a re discussing geographical issues. The children are conducting their own personal investigating into Judaism and Jewish religion. From developing the double page they are developing creative and presentation of information and ideas from their investigation.Observing childrenTo see the childrens improvement throughout their learning teachers need to pay attention to observant the children in their care. In the discover children book Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Observing children, Welsh Assembly Government it is quoted It is important that practitioners listen to children as well as watch them when observing, as they can learn a great deal about childrens learning and understanding through listening to their speech I believe this is a vital quote for teachers observing children because you can definately gain more understanding of the childrens learning by talking to children as well as observing how they play and the standard of their work. The observation of children should be taken into consideration through using the seven areas of learning, this will provide evidence of their development and achievements across the national curriculum. Teachers can also observe different situations children are unfastened to through playing on their own or as part of agroup. The main headings mentioned in the Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Observing children, Welsh Assembly Government state that teachers need to observe-Personal development tender developmentWell-being/emotional developmentCognitive developmentLanguage development and communication skillsPhysical developmentGross motor skills elegant motor skillsThere much observation of childrens development of the child as a whole that has to be considered as an essential part of the piece of a teacher.From observing the children one can monitor their progress and continuity during lessons to ensure improvement and that children are gaining and benefiting from new learning experiences throughou t their years in primary school. This can be achieved by both feeling at the development of their work and also how they play alone and within groups.ConclusionTo conclude, the National Curriculum has gone through many changes in the past few years and evolved into what is delivered in primary schools today. From the many theorists I have researched and read about, there is a belief that where we are placed today is the better stage of the developed National Curriculum. The Foundation Phase is proving to be a success. The children are able to improve their personal learning without having a teacher to spoon feed them to gain experiences and skills. Key Stage 2 needs improving and attention due to the drop in standards and attainment in literacy and numeracy, this drop in standards has resulted in improvements being demanded by the Welsh Government all across Wales. Welsh Government are implementing literacy and numeracy strategies in every subject across the national curriculum. Th e thematic approach has been evaluated and is declared a success by many theorists, it allows teachers to choose a theme and teach joint subjects in one integrated scheme of work/ lessons, this is a definate advantage because the children do not specifically realise how they are being taught. This method of educating primary aged children develops what they know from personal experiences and their involvement develops them through the teachers integrated lessons.

Eâ€commerce and management information system

E affair and management reading systemQuestionThis report is based most an in depth critical appraisal of the use of information systems by an organisation of my choice.Choose an organisationResearch the activities of the organisation and how it makes use of information systems to help it undertake these activitiesCritique its use of information systemsProvide recommendations for the approaching use of information system by the organisation. Dr Ger (2010). Individual Assignment, from S708. E handicraft and Management Information System. London College of Business on April, 2010. unattached from Blackboard.( rile o 08/04/10)AnswerBackground to organisationMy chosen organisation is Metropole College. Metropole College Ltd, merchandise as Metropole Learning is a private company, limited by guarantee. It was naturalised in 1994 and started delivering government funded provision in January 2000, creviceing Basic Employability pedagogy. In 2001, Metropole Learning started deliv ering contracts for the Employment Services now (JobcentrePlus) in Basic Employability Training (ESOL and Literacy). In 2003, they started delivering a range of workforce development, this had made the organisation to grow, and this branch continues today. The companys future plan is expand the current delivery and to also to offer teacher training for the new staff. http//www.metropolecollege.com/en/about-us/our-historyServicesThe company relegate go ( in the area of lifelong learning sector) that are intentional to enable adults to get closer to the labour market and to help these learners to maintain/sustained employment by given them long time stand at work. They offer the following courses ESOL, Literacy, Employability, Information Technology (IT/Computer) and give live or assistant in the following areas Individual Learning Support, Information, Advice and charge (I.A.G). http//www.metropolecollege.com/en/our-servicesThe companys services is actually in two sectionsPr e EmployabilityPost EmployabilityPre Employability services here the company help and give contribute to the learners by up(a) their language. Their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills are remediated with ESOL course. They also improve their employability skills in order to put them on the labour ladder. The learners achieve these skills through employability and IT/computer courses. http//metropole.test-host.net/our-services/pre-employabilityPost Employability services metropole provides work based, and flexible learning firmness for employed people. http//metropole.test-host.net/our-services/post-employabilityAim and objective of Metropole CollegeThe ultimate goal of the company is to support the learners into sustained employment. http//www.metropolecollege.com/en/about-us/our-historyBibliographyMetropole College (n.d) Our History. (WWW) Metropole College. Available from http//www.metropolecollege.com/en/about-us/our-historyMetropole College (n.d) Pre Emplo yability. (WWW) Metropole College. Available from http//metropole.test-host.net/our-services/post-employability (Accessed on 07/04/10)Metropole College (n.d) Pre Employability. (WWW) Metropole College. Available from http//metropole.test-host.net/our-services/pre-employability (Accessed on 07/04/10)Metropole College (n.d) Our services. (WWW) Metropole College. Available from http//www.metropolecollege.com/en/our-services (Accessed on 07/04/10)Metropole College (n.d) Our History. (WWW) Metropole College. Available from http//www.metropolecollege.com/en/about-us/our-history (Accessed on 07/04/10)

Goal And Objectives Of A Spar Business Tourism Essay

Goal And Objectives Of A Spar Business Tourism plynThrough its vast net act upon of research on the consumer and industry, near researchers were pinpointed the quest resort industry trends Spa is a Lifestyle Research shows that to a greater extent than than 2 million holiday resort-goers took break in life style classes in 2005. Examples of lifestyle tourings implicate healthy cooking classes, seminars on achieving balance and managing stress and treatments which throw in the towel guests to customize their take in at-home resort experience. more masses atomic military ignore 18 include the resort experience as it is linked to lifestyle decisions ground on health and headspringness. Issues such as stress, obesity, and environmental toxins being serious concerns, legion(predicate) resort hotels atomic number 18 incorporating lifestyle elements, which include fitness, diet and oer any health into the tralatitious treatment-establish resort hotel concept. Spa Visits ar Necessary and an En title of respectment This trend is catching in particular among baby boomers. The roughly common reasons for visiting spas include soothing cutting joints/muscles, relieving/reducing stress to feel better virtually hotshotself and for mental/ ablaze health. Looking for Results People expect more than just pampering from their spa visits simply. More than one in ten spa-goers treat spa-going as part of their larger health and wellness lifestyle. Medical Components The annual growth of 69 part from 2003 to 2005 shows that medical spas ar one of the fastest emergence segments of the industry. The or so popular medical treatments argon microdermabrasion, chemical peels and natural weight button measures such as body confines. Increasingly, the medical industry in general, and the plastic surgery sector in particular, atomic number 18 incorporating spa treatments such as acupuncture and naturotherapy into their service structure. Living at th e Spa Spas atomic number 18 adding residential components and real estate developers are building spas in gated communities and condominiums. For example it is e circumscribedly visible in cities like upstart York City and Las Vegas. Socialization Todays spas are domiciliateing nurtured opportunities for socialization. M every spas are merging the traditional spa concept with entertainment and net throwing. Eight percent of U.S. spa-goers say they aim make use of of their eon at the spa as an opportunity to socialize. Customization In todays times Spa-goers liking experiences that are customized to their more or lessonealized acquires and desires. Right from booking time, to selecting the rearwardground music, way temperature lighting, and abrase oils being a spa-goer is no longer a lulu sport. Gender-specific experiences consumers are bearinging for experiences tailored specifically to their gender. As 45 percent of spa-goers are men, the demand for products and services designed specifically with men in mind is at an all-time high. Spa Vacations About 63% of U.S. spa-goers wee vi stationd spa while traveling from home. Apart from budgetary considerations, trips to spas are molded by desires to visit particular places and nurse specific types of vacations. Women are more likely than men to be spa-goers, though spa traveling reduces the gender gap considerably as 36 percent of spa travelers are male. Experiential Journeys Spa-goers are drawn to indigenous treatments and products, especially when traveling. New textures, aromas and sounds with meaty story-telling serving forge connections to commonwealth, places and traditions. Additionally, a nonher trend to watch for is skin safeguard evolving from a product-based service to an experience-based service.Industry BackgroundThe spa industry has giving significantly from 2005 to 2007. According to the latest Global Spa Research of I watering hole (International SPA Association) there ar e nearly 100 million active spa-goers globally. The need to relax transcends b regularises. Regardless of where they live, the primary reasons spa-goers visit spas are to relax and make unnecessary/reduce stress. Most spa creasees commercialise a Web site to labor products or services. It may not be an attractive or professional flavor page on the network, but linees are soundless utilise these uninviting Web pages. Owners are staying away from authorisationly cooperative management software, because they are caught up in the paperwork. If all businesses used an network st come outgy, gross sales and new clients would step-up significantly. Its a matter of developing an Internet strategy, sticking to a plan, and remembering the declamatory picture. The purpose of this research is to attend whether having an Internet strategy is beneficial in the spa industry. Internet articles, e-books, personal interviews, and books were used for research purposes. Overall, research suggests that having an Internet strategy proves beneficial for clients, spa technicians, and management. With a pull up s sur byeowsingness to learn about new software and slipway of doing business online, revenue give increase as fast as over night.Goal and Objectives of the Business and Mile play offOur mission is to sacking a advantageous business by providing high-end therapeutic massage and aesthetician services in a caring, upscale, professional environment. We offer massage in a frame of styles traditional Swedish Massage, Sports Massage, Deep Tissue work, Sports Massage,Hot Stone Massage, Reflexology, and others.Our authorize aestheticians offer the latest in skin treatments, body treatments and anti-aging therapies.Our goal is to tailor the clients experience based on initial interview in figure of speechation, as well as feedback during the treatments, to ensure the clients comfort and satisf go through, and to increase repeat business.We are resonant of the ov erall experience using provided the finest oils and lotions, beauty treatments and aromatherapies. Special lighting, music, decor, and textilesare used throughout the spa tocomplete the comfortable, plush environmentand enhance the clients overall spa experience.Objectives of the BusinessAchieve $33,900in sales the third calendar month subsequently retention by performing 16services per day.Achieve $81,600 in sales the 6 month after opening by performing 27 services per day.Have a local anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic client return rate of 90% by the end of the low gear 6 months.Become an found community Spa destination by the end of the first 12 months.Perform 23 services per day by the end of the first year. unequaledness of Product or ServiceMarketing, Marketing, Marketing Owner is a proven, 15-year sales executive. Marketing entrust be the first strength to our victor and a huge competitive edge.Professionalism Which are includes alwaysything from maintaining conf identiality, to hiring the very outdo LMT and Aestheticians. undivided Attention Each clients experience volition be tailored to his or her preference.Repeat business/Recommendations giving the kind of service that commences mass back for regular treatments, and encourages clients to recommend us to friends, and other health professionals to recommend their clients.Unique Treatments We gull the latest in techniques with the best products from around the humankind.Fantastic placementOrchard roadA Few More Notable ItemsTreatments that use two or more therapists are also seen as being on the rise.Spa-going moms desire products and experiences designed for them.The nearly reason that customer compliments go to spa is to reduce and relieve their stress, painfuls and the attractiveness of our spa is tilt and fruit massage.Marketing inventionResearch and AnalysisKnowledge of the butt joint trade place provides a basis for de callining the appropriate foodstuffing action str ategy that ordain effectively meet its necessarily (Hisrich, Peters Shepherd, 2008, p245).Market dividerA introductory foundation of relationship marketing is market divider (Zeithaml Bitner, 2003, p.164). Through market segmentation, our society can reach target market easily. Market segmentation is variable. For our comp either, the main segmentations are as follows.Demo representic dividerAgeThe chart above is the result from our survey. That indicates the main customers of our club are gray from 25 to 40.OccupationOur market segment will include officials and housewives. Officials in capital of capital of Singapore are always stressful because of work. Therefore, doing spa will make them be relaxed and comfortable. Housewives always have a lot of unoccupied time. In that case, spa would be one of their favorite activities.Income groupOur market segment would include people with high income. Because of our company not only provides traditional massage, also provides special Day spa, like hot stone treatment and fruit spa, our clients should has high income.Behavior SegmentationThis segmentation is based on peoples lifestyle. Our companys market segment would include people who prefer to take massage to relax. In addition, people who like to take massage as a health carry on method also can be seen as our target segment.Geographic SegmentationOur main target segment is tourists who are from other countries.Target MarketFirstly, tourists would be our companys major target market.Meanwhile, based on the demographic segmentation, our company would target local people aged from 25 to 40. According to the left graph below, the population of Singapore had a dramatically increase from year 1970 (2,013,600) to year 2009 (3,733,900), which means the number of people we can serve also increased.In addition, the chart on rightfield depicts people at age group from 25 to 40 is a large segment therefore that is a huge market for us. It is also has a growth trends from 1999 to 2009. These are favorable signals for running Spa Company.extraction Statistics Singapore, 2010Market AnalysisThe spa industry in Singapore is prosperous. This rude has been positioned as the urban spa hub of Southeast Asia by the tourism board. (Melinda Taschetta-Millane, 2007). descent Singapore Tourism card, 2010.The graph above depicts the number of visitor arrivals in Singapore. It is wee that, the number of tourists increased from 2003 to 2007. After that, the number decreased slightly, believably because the economic crisis. However, visitor arrivals to Singapore registered 26.7% growth to reach 950,000 in June 2010, the highest ever recorded visitor arrivals in the month of June (Statistics Singapore, 2010). Thereby the number of tourists is static large. In that case, the market size of spa industry is very big in Singapore.On the other hand, our survey also asks peoples opinion on whether spa is popular. The chart below indicates that the percenta ge of people who state spa establishs more popular is 94.Figure Survey result of whether Spa become more popularHowever, there are many a(prenominal) key players in spa industry, such as Spa Esprit, Estheva Spa and Raffles Amrita Spa. found on many years operation, these spas already have good shit image and many loyalty customers. Therefore, they already got a large number of market get by. In that case, our company should use business strategy to pull aheads at least one percent market share at the first year, such as use the latest in techniques with the best products from around the world.Competitor AnalysisAs the spa business is growing day by day, competition is becoming more challenging than before.The graph above indicates which spa is the most favorite. This is through by survey from our own. It is clear that most people prefer to Spa Esprit. It is one of the key players in spa industry. However, our companys competitors would be a Fond and Esprit Spa which are rigi d in Holland Village.The main competitive advantage for them is their experience from long term operation. In addition, they might have some loyalty customers which would affect us.Our company not only has direct competitors but also has indirect competitors. For instance, OSIM somatic which has variety kinds of massage tools. People can take massage at home by using their massage chair. That would also impact our company as our effectiveness customers would loss.Marketing PlanOur strategy is to implement the most aggressive marketing and networking in the community, followed by the best services in the business.Our prices are competitive for the area, and our personnel plan, which includes using a pool of skilled, commission therapists and aestheticians, will give us a monetary advantage.Competitive environOur competitive edge is our ability to market effectively and creatively to bring in the clients and thusly back that up with the best service and products in the business. In addition, ourcombination of unique services, outstanding kettle of fish and our interaction with the customers are setting us up for huge success.Market Strategy bargain DistributionLocal Advertising Seasonal Promotions Local newspaper advertizement, local fliers, grand opening company kick-off and promotion for first 30 days. treat regular advertising and plan for seasonal events like Christmas, Valentines Day, Mothers Day, Chinese New Years.Local Networking Charities, womens groups, country clubs, wedding planners, and membership with theSpa Association Singapore (http//www.spaassociation.org.sg/).Health Care Referrals Prior to opening Work current liaisons and pretend new contacts with health care suppliers, especially chiropractors. Also, become a provider with health insurance companies that offer Alternative Care to their members. Most people dont know that massage therapy is usually gainful by insurance when charge correctly and when prescribed by a physician. aFond and Esprit Spa already has pattern management software to handle medically billable massage. When the insurance does not cover charge the entire amount of a service the client will conciliate the difference. For that reason, we will not want to participate with any PPOs that require write-off for amounts over the usual and customary fee (which tends to be too low). A list of acceptable insurance company plans will be hold and those clients will be able to handle massage therapy through their insurance. all opportunity to convince allopathic physicians MDs to see massage as having long healing benefits for their patients will also betaken, since theyhold to key to havingmassage paid for as medically necessary. The client will also help drive that with the physicians if they are properly educated.Hotel Referrals Hotels that do not offer their own spa services will send their guests to our spa or use our out-call spaservices.Prior to opening, I will make contacts with man agers and concierges at local hotels to ensure they are aware of the services available.Promotions will be offered to professionals in these industries to create buzz and build relationships.Online Website Our spa will show up oneverymajorsearch engineand in the address directory.The website will have a overflowing menu of services and last have the ability to schedule appointments on-line.The spa software we are using will allow a user to see the schedule and make an appointment without making a phone call.Location traffic It is urgent that webe located in a high-traffic strip road, Tanglin road, which is high-end, modern, and clean.We prefer mend near a complementary business like a sail through or hair salon, thieveping centre that does not offer any massage or facial treatments.Pricing StrategyIf, as it has been said, the decease three items which determine success in business are location, location, location, then a busy location at Culway Pla in a booming residential community represents our top marketing strategy.With the owner focusing on the sales, marketing and management and delegating the massage and aesthetician therapies to employeesbusiness profitability potential is exponentially maximized over a one ortwo person operation by adirect care-giver without any marketing, management or sales background.As the owner, Madame Pamperzhou has done extensive market research and visited some of the best spas in the world Beverly Hills, Paris, Amsterdam, Vegas and Arizona and has taken ideas from the best to offer an upscale, ultra-amenity, spa experience.Once a client experiences the luxurious, high-end level of personalized care that we offer, we are confident that we will have a return client. advertizement and PromotionsThe business is still in its introductory stages. Therefore, it is necessary for the business to advertise heavily through mass media. There are various ways of doing soNewspapers and magazines The Company may choose to advert ise with color in the commonplace newspapers.Leaflets, brochures and pamphlets These will be prepared for the purpose of informing the customers about the prices, the activities and the general background information concerning the nature of the business.Banners and posters For the sake of large-scale advertising, the most eye-catching form would be the banners and the posters. These will be used to instance the name of the business, its nature, location and the products we offer. They will be located in areas arduous with the target market.5. Business cards They will be distributed in the market since our business comprises of offering services, it is a good form of increasing clientele.6. decease agencies They will be used to market our spa packages. A certain(prenominal) fixed amount will be paid to them annually to issue our brochures and leaflets as they will be the first ones to come in contact with potential customers.7. Face book Perhaps, the easiest and most effective form of advertising in the modern days. It will deliver our message to our target market directly.8. Discount vouchers Since our business is heavily outsourcing with various companies, to promote our business in return, they may issue discount vouchers for certain activities or packages for our business, in order to promote it and attract more clients.9. Hotel referrals we can make contacts with managers and concierge at local hotels that do not offer their own spa services this will help to create more awareness about our services.Operations Plan3.1. Company Location and FacilitiesLocation 1Development Name 41 Holland DriveProperty Type Shop / ShophousePrice S$ 8,000/ month NegotiableSize 731 sqft / 68 sqmPSF (built-in) S$ 10.94 psfDeveloper Housing Development BoardTenure 99-year LeaseholdLease Term 2 yearsThe convenience location in the bustling Holland Village vincity, walking distance to 2 Mrt Bouna diorama Mrt upcoming Holland Village Mrt. Ample carpark space just behind th e range and another multi-storey car park across the street.Upmarket neighbourhood with sophiscated consumers, passing suitable for specialised clinics/education centres/niche retail concept shop/etc.Operation HoursOur business is day spa so the operate hours will be from 9 am to 7 pm. We will run the business all 7 days and during holidays the business will increase because many people have plans to spent time in holidays. In national holidays also our spa will be opened, the staffs will be paid incentives during public holidays.TransportationThe transportation facilities in Singapore are easy and economical. Holland Village is usually reached from other parts of Singapore either by bus or taxi, and is linked to Orchard Road via Holland Road. Holland resolution is nearby to Queensway.3.2. Products and runThe products we use in our Day Spa are body treatments like body scrub and body scrub, facials and fruit massage.ServicesBody ScrubBody scrub will remove your pulseless skin and unveil a smoother more rejuvenated skin with these divinely aromatic scrubs. Your skin will feel re recented and reborn.Body wrapOur body wrap recipe is made up of a fresh daily blend of ingredients that includes special herbs and oils. The more times you perform a body wrap the faster and better the results. You will be out(p) at how soft and healthy your skin will feel and look after.FacialsThis is a fresh and radiant treatment nourishing you skin. In twenty dollar bill steps including whether it is cleansing, deep cleansing, Peeling, Massaging and improving your skin by using masque and specific serum depending on skin type.Nourishing Treatment for pattern Combination throw together.Moisturizing Treatment for Dry Skin.Purifying Treatment for Oily SkinFruit MassageThis Moisturizer provides that lock in the skins own wet to foresee dryness and cracking, this new formula nourishes dry skin and helps retain moisture giving your skin a softer and smoother feeling like never before.providersThe products for our spa are mainly brought from Amber Products. The Amber products are one of the favourite brands for the customers. Amber has been a dedicated partner with spas and salons around the world for 30 years. Their goal is to build awareness of the importance of maintaining health and public assistance through spa services.PackagesIn our Spa the package is very open and allowed guest to choose any product they like not more than 2 things.3.3. Licenses and Permits to Start a Business in Singaporecompulsory LicensesA compulsory copyright license is an exception to copyright fair play that is usually philosophically justified as an attempt by the brass to correct a market failure. As an exception to copyright, another party can exercise one or more of the copyrights exclusive rights without having to hold back the copyright holders permission (hence compulsory) but will have to pay a licensing fee.Some compulsory licenses protect those who wish to use a work for educational or non-commercial purposes. In cases when it is judged too burdensome for scattered or small-scale buyers and sellers to find one another and negotiate a price, governments sometimes issue a compulsory license for the use so that the coition difficulty of obtaining permission for it does not extinguish it. Intellectual Property order in Singapore is pepped with regimes for compulsory licensing.Business Activity License And PermitsA business license is a permit or registration inevitable by the federal, state, county, or local government to communicate business. Besides the basic operating permits, business owners should investigate other possible licensing requirements based on their location and industry. dealing business without the proper licenses and permits may result in penalties, notices, and the inability to operate.3.4. Legislation and RegulationDue to spa business, company also needs certificates or licenses for each employee to show the credib ility. In the pre-opening of our spa, if employees do not have licenses, we would like to pay for them to training section and get the certificate or license. This method gives benefit to both employees and employers.In order to work smoothly, our spa needs to get prove from union that our work place is safe, employees have the proper social security, holiday, honorarium, wages, and other benefits are enough for their living standard. operate as the company is a must(prenominal) to pay TAX to the government however, we cannot be sure how much tax will increase or decrease in the specific period.Management4.1. Management Team fall upon PersonnelBenny Managing Director and one of the investors holding 40 % of the share in the investment for the business. He comes from a business family having an amazing business skill and is a PR in Singapore, also has a good knowledge about SPA and Massage as he owns some of the popular Massage shop in other parts of the city. He will only be pre sent for the monthly meetings with the management team up and would not be looking after the day to day operations.genus Raja Finance manager and holds 30 % of the investment share in the business. He has a good knowledge of finance as he has done his masters in finance from University of Wales. He will be looking after the cash inflow and outflow, would be preparing the balance sheet and profit and loss statements and would help the management team in taking the financial decisions of the business.Becky Operational Manager having a sound academic background and holding 20 % of the investment share in the business. She has a good work experience as he is in this industry from the last 10 years. She has worked in some of the best restaurants lounge in the city. He will be having the sole authority of the operations in the workplace.Varun Marketing Manager having a good work experience. His responsibility is to update the management from time to time with the Spa and lounge industr y, watching out the competitors, negotiating and finding veritable providers. He will also serve the business as a Receptionist during the day time.Nathan Floor manager and will look after the schedule supplies and will provide assistance to the operational manager.4.2. Legal Structure piece of work AgreementEmployment agreement is also known as oeuvre charter. It is an agreement between an employee and employer that specifies the terms and conditions of employment (Janus Corporate Solutions Pte , n.d.). A ravishment of one or more of the terms in an employment contract by either an employee or employer is considered breach of contract. Employment agreement will include several important clauses such asCode of ConductThis Code is a concise outline of the Companys standards of business ethics and conduct (A. T. CROSS COMPANY, n.d.). It deals with various laws and Employee should act honestly and always in the best interests of the employer. Employee should follow all the rules la wfully and proper direction of the employer (ipccc, 2004). The employee must not use any item belong to the employer for their personal use. The employee must not smoke and take any drugs on the workplace. allowance/WagesThe Salary will be paid according to the appointment position. The salary must be paid at least once a month within 7 days after the end of the salary period. overtime pay, if applicable, must be paid within 14 days of the stipulated salary period. This will be paid to the employee by electronic fund transfer. The employer is requisite to make contributions to the CPF fund. Both employee and employer make monthly contributions to the fund.Hours of WorkEmployees are authorize to work not more than 44 hours per week (focus singapore, n.d.). The employee may be required to work for additional hours depending on requirements. Employee ordinary daily hours of full time work are not more than eight hours per day. Employees are entitled to take a break for 30 min after working not more than 6 hrs.Public HolidaysEmployee is entitled to paid day off on public holidays. These are the following public holidays in Singapore. New Years Day, Chinese New Year, Good Friday, push Day, Vesak Day, National Day, Hari Raya Puasa, Deepavali, Hari Raya Haji, and Christmas Day (8Links, n.d.).Annual LeaveEmployee must have served at least 3 months with the employer for qualifying the leave for 7 days. Anemployee is entitled to 14 days of sick leave per year, and 60 days of hospitalization leave provided the employee has worked for at least 6 months for the company (The Law Society of Singapore, n.d.).Employee BenefitsEmployer offer medical insurance plans that extend to dependants and typically cover personal possibility and hospitalization. Company will provide a per-day allowance, transportation allowance or reimbursement of actual expenses while travelling.The company will sponsor employee training programs and educational courses (The Law Society of Singapore , n.d.).Stock AgreementThis agreement is between the supplier and the customer. This agreement is mandatory for all the business. For the spa there must be an agreement between the spa and the supplier of the materials. Stock agreement will include several important clauses such asThe EngagementThe spa has appointed the Supplier to lend the goods and the supplier have agreed to translate the coerce Goods for the Customer. And the supplier will be the sole and exclusive provider of the bring forth Goods to the Customer.Prices and PaymentThe spa has agreed to pay the Supplier the prices for the Contract Goods as negotiated. The Supplier must issue a Tax beak for the Contract Goods supplied.If for whatever reason the spa does not pay for any Contract Goods when payment becomes due the Supplier may stop the supply until all the dues will be cleared. Suspend supply of the Contract Goods until all outstanding payments have been made.Retention of TitleUntil the spa has paid the Suppli er for the Contract Goods, title in the ContractGoods will not pass to the spa. The spa must keep the Contract Goods insured noting the Suppliers interest therein. The title remains in the Supplier, the Contract Goods will be at the spas gamble until they are paid for.Quality of Contract GoodsThe Contract Goods must acquiesce with all safety standards, codes and applicable legislation.Ordering, Delivery and PackagingAll Contract Goods must be ordered by the spa on the Suppliers standard order form or standard method which order form or method the Supplier may from time to time change. all damage during the transportation will be the suppliers liability.Financial Plan (Detail correspondence Sheet)Critical RisksThe risk refers to the probability, and magnitude, of downside loss, which could result in bankruptcy. The risk of downside loss is partially derived from the entrepreneurs uncertainties over market demand, technological development, and the actions of competitors (Hisrich, Peters Shepherd, 2008, p477).There are several potential problems for our company in the tourism industry.Firstly, the natural disasters would be our potential risk. For instance, the erupted of Eyjafjallajokull vent in Iceland lead to many flights canceled, as a result of Singapore lost a large number of tourists. Our companys potential customers also would decrease. different natural disasters effects are the same. During that period, our company should focus on local customers to reduce the losses.Secondly, the economical factors also would be our potential risk. During the economic crisis period, people would not prefer to spend money on spa. It would affect our company directly. In that case, our company should do many promotions to attract people, such as distribute gift certificate and lower prices.Thirdly, the increasing number of competitors would be our companys risk. Singapores population is not large therefore if there are many competitors, the number of our companys potential customers will decrease. On the other hand, our company provides the special spa-fruit spa, which is the first company use this kind of treatment. It means that it would be our competitive advantage. However, other company also can imitate tha

Sustainability in Project Management

Sustainability in thrust ManagementThis review discusses the journal sustainable Project tone steering wheel Management the need to integrate flavortime make passs in the manufacturing sector (2005) authored by Labuschagne and Brent. The theme of this paper is that incorporating the current give steering methodologies with the principles of sustainable instruction requires comprehensive understanding and integration of different life bouts.1 This journal leads a good introduction of life cycle management however, the authors do not make holistic aspect on the aspects of sustainability in project management.At the outset of the paper, the authors note that the social, economic, and environmental affects of a project long afterwards its completion bring required increasing attention the project life cycle management principles thus require revision. However, reasons for the consideration to life cycles when reorient sustainability with project management has not been sp ecified. According to Azapagic (2004), people may circumstantially aggravate the impacts when trying to alleviate them. Therefore, protecting the environment without increasing burdens fire only be assured by adopting a systems climax ground on life cycle thinking which takes the whole life cycle of an activity into account.23Labuschagne and Brent (2005) have focused on defining motley life cycles, yet the descriptions of the proposed impact estimation indications on the three master(prenominal) sustainability dimensions are only briefly stated which causes the concept rather vague. In 2005, Brent and Visser demonstrated an environmental performance choice impact indicator (EPRII) calculation procedure by introducing the life cycle impact estimation (LCIA) framework for comparing burdens at operational level.4 The approach evaluated impacts in quaternion different resource groups including water, air, land, and mined abiotic resources5 based on three surgical procedure p arameters comprising water and energy usage, and waste produced.4 Research regarding the social sustainability dimension has as well been executed subsequently. All the social criteria and its sub-criteria were verified with respect to project management and business67, but particular impacts were found to be more significant in certain appraised asset or engineering life cycle phases. The EPRII approach was used as a basis to calculate the social impact indicators however, results appeared to be unreliable and the method was hence concluded to be not applicable for decision-making purposes at the moment due to the lack of social project and footprint breeding (Labuschagne and Brent, 2008 Labuschagne and Brent, 2006).78Despite its defect, this paper is a well organise piece of work which utilizes a large number of diagrams and tables. Koedinger (1992) explained that diagrammatic imitation outperforms sentential expression due to its use of location to group information which fac ilitates search and avoids the need of symbolic labels and also encourages perceptual inferences.9 This consequently enables readers to have a better understanding of the concept.In conclusion, although this journal does not provide a holistic overview of sustainability in project management, its detailed descriptions of various life cycles and their interactions in projects have provided an explicit concept of project life cycle management. Moreover, a considerable amount of literature review has been carried out in this article it therefore deserves to be widely read.ReferencesLabuschagne, C. and Brent, A.C. (2005), Sustainable Project Life roulette wheel Management the need to integrate life cycles in the manufacturing sector, world-wide ledger of Project Management, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 159-168, Azapagic, A. (2004), Appendix Life Cycle idea and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), in Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., and Clift, R. (ed.), Sustainable development in practice case studies for e ngineers and scientists, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 426-437.Azapagic, A., Millington, A., and Collett, A. (2006), A Methodology for Integrating Sustainability Considerations into ferment Design, Chemical Engineering Research and Design,vol. 84, no. 6,pp. 439-452.Brent, A.C. and Visser, J.K. (2005), An environmental performance resource impact indicator for life cycle management in the manufacturing industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 557-565.Brent, A.C. (2004), A life cycle impact assessment procedure with resource groups as areas of protection, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 9, no. 3,pp. 172-179.Labuschagne, C., Brent, A.C., and van Erck, R.P.G. (2005), Assessing the sustainability performances of industries, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 373-385.Labuschagne, C. and Brent, A.C. (2008), An industry perspective of the completeness and relevance of a social assessment framework for project and technology management in the manufacturing sector, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 253-262.Labuschagne, C. and Brent, A.C. (2006), Social Indicators for Sustainable Project and Technology Life Cycle Management in the turn Industry, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 3-15.Koedinger, K.R. (1992), Emergent Properties and geomorphological Constraints Advantages Diagrammatic Representations for Reasoning and Learning, SS-92-02, AAAI Technical Report, viewed 21 March 2010,

Did Japan Benefit Economically as a result of the World Cup 2002? :: Economics

Has japan really benefitted economically as a result of the land transfuse 2002?Introduction============From the 31st of May until June 30th, lacquer & Korea hosted the World cupful in which 32 teams competed to be crowned football game champions of theworld. Many thousands of people watched the matches cognize and hundredsof millions worldwide watched on T.V. The World Cup has been the well-nighpopular sporting event ever since the 1930s when Uruguay hosted and win the first ever World Cup. Since then the World Cup has been hosted every(prenominal) four year in different countries apart from during World fight 2and there have been 17 World Cups. Since the 30s football has becamethe worlds most popular sport and with the introduction of commercialair flight, motorcars and the global T.V meshwork it has become animportant source of revenue. In 1994 the World Cup was hosted in theUSA and a record 3,587,530 people watched it live. Since the 1986World Cup held in Mexico the total attendance had begun to rise toover 2 million live viewers a World Cup. This would result in hostcountries gaining broad revenue from ticket sales and money receivedfrom the T.V companies broadcast the match. The rights forbroadcasting the 2002 World Cup were bought for 622 million byKirchmedia showing save how semiprecious World Cup football is. Also astudy by HSBC securities in 1998 showed that countries which hostedthe World Cup after 1966 saw their respective stock list markets do betteron average by 9%, 6 months prior to the tourney. However the studyalso showed that 6 months after the tournament most markets underperformed by an average of 6%.In 1998 Japan was chosen to joint host the World Cup with South Koreaand began a vigorous development project to upgrade and build good musical note stadiums, improve public transport, build more hotels andcreate an excellent earnest force for the games. Stadiums such as theShizuoka stadium, Sapporo dome, the Oita stadium and Niigat a stadiumwere built just for the games and are considered some of the mostmodern stadiums in the world. Japans aim from the 2002 World Cup wasto attract many tourists, have a smoothly tramp games, encourageJapanese citizens into football and to improve its internationalreputation as an excellent place to host international sports events.From joint hosting the World Cup Japan achieved many economic benefitsand in this essay I go out explain how and why this improved Japanseconomy. The Japanese economy improved because of the by-lineeffects of the World Cup during and before the event.Economic Concepts=================Economic yield is caused by improvements in the quantity and quality

Discrimination Against Women in Male Dominated Sports :: Movie Script Film Creative Writing Papers

Discrimination Against Women in Male predominate SportsAssume you are a screenwriter in the year 2010. You attain been commissioned to write a movie script about womens blows and accredited society. What is the theme? Who are the protagonists? What are the issues and how does the movie end? Due to the temperament of this course, most of the films that have been shown concerned the discrimination women face when they attempt to vie against men in athletic areas that have long been considered unfit for their participation. Divisions of sport that could be regarded as more gender neutral were non mentioned nearly as often as those which have a long custom of masculine head butting and back slapping, and athletics which are deemed feminine were not brought up at all. If the indignation felt by the protagonists of films like Girlfight is some(prenominal) indication of the present attitude of women towards sex-based discrimination in sport, it is entirely mathematical that we wi ll have come a long way in the fight for equality by the year 2010. The following scenario is purely theoretic and the future of the sport involved was manipulated for the purposes of this paper only. The activity of cup stacking has gained much(prenominal) popularity as a sport in the US today and is rootage to become known in areas outside of the country, such as ample Britain. It involves the stacking and dismantling of several predetermined cup arrangements in a particular(prenominal) order, with rules determining the exact manner in which a competitor must achieve this. The most important of these regulations is the ban on using twain hands on one cup, as the active participation of both hands improves dexterity and assists right brain development. This is the side of the brain which promotes awareness, tenseness and rhythm, which are very important skills for the cup stacker and average person alike. rival can take place on both an individual and police squad level, the clock and ones personal record being the antagonist in the power scenario. Boys and girls compete without regard to gender in this sport, though the record pallbearer for speed stacking the cycle formation is female, clocking in at 7.43 seconds. It has been detect that women generally possess more dexterity than men, which would give them a earthy advantage in sports of this nature. This observation has led to a hypothesis concerning the control of women in the future of cup stacking, which is the focus of Stacking Up, brought to you by Pickled newt Pictures.

Antonin Scalia :: essays research papers fc

lordly court of justice Justice Antonin Scalia was born on March 11, 1936 in Trenton, revolutionary Jersey to a Sicilian immigrant father and an Italian-American mother and was raised in Queens. He accompanied Catholic schools in New York City as a child and teen. Scalia then attended Georgetown University, spending his junior course of study at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland, and graduated at the top of his class with an A.B. (Sorry, I dont know what that means) in 1957. He also attended Harvard, serving as the editor for police Review. Scalia graduated from Harvard in 1960. On September 10, 1960, Scalia married Maureen McCarthy, and the two went to go live in Cleveland, Ohio. plot of land in Cleveland, Scalia was admitted to the Ohio Bar and worked for the law firm of Jones, Day, Cockley, and Reavis until 1967. The Scalias then travel to Virginia, and he was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1970. While In Virginia, Scalia taught law at the Virginia Law School unt il 1974. In 1971, Scalia became General Counsel of the Office of Telecommunications Policy for the snowy House, and from 1972 to 1974, he was the chairman of the Administrative Conference of the US. Scalia was then appointed the auxiliary attorney general of the Office of Legal Counsel for the Department of Justice. In 1977, Scalia returned to teaching after 6 months serving as the resident assimilator at the American Enterprise Institute in DC. Him and his family picked up and moved again to Chicago, Illinois. While In Chicago, Scalia taught at the University of Chicagos law school (he was also a visiting professor of law at his alma mater, Georgetown University, and also at Stanford University during that time) until chair Ronald Reagan appointed him to the US Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit in 1982. Scalia took his oath of office on August 17 of that year. Four years after Scalia began working at the Court of Appeals, President Reagan then chose him to be an associate jus tice of the Supreme Court. The Senate confirmed Reagans appointment on September 17, and Scalia took his oath of office on the twenty-sixth of that month. In the year 2000, Scalia has made decisions in two Supreme Court cases, Troxel vs. Granville and California Democratic Party vs. Jones. I will discuss the Troxel vs. Granville case. Troxel vs. Granville is in violation of "The Washington Rev.

Alcohol :: essays research papers

A class is chemical compounds, all if which consists of chemically bonded atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen all alcoholic beverage molecules contain at least virtuoso hydroxyl group. When people say alcohol they usually think of beer, wine, or liquor, but there are several types of alcohol. An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethyl alcohol. They are mostly made of grains or from grapes or other fruits. There are two main groups fermented and distilled drinks. Fermented drinks contain from five-spot percent to twenty percent ethyl alcohol. Distilled contains twelve percent to 55 percent or more ethyl alcohol.The consumption of beverages containing alcohol has been nice in all parts of the world for thousands of years. The first alcoholic beverages were fermented. Scenes video display fermentation appear on pottery made in Mesopotamia as early as 4200 B.C. Mankind early discovered that drinking the fermented juices of current fruits, berries, and grain produced an extremely pleasant effect. Among primitive peoples, alcoholic drinks increased the vehemence of tribal festivals. In more civilized nations, beers and wines in the daily aliment were believed beneficial to health. During the 1800s, a movement began in the United States to prohibit the get and sale of alcoholic beverages. A constitutional amendment banning the beverages went into effect in 1920, but thousands of Americans defied the prohibition law. In 1930, the federal government estimated that about 800 gazillion gallons of alcoholic beverages were being produced in the country annually. The prohibition amendment was repealed in 1933.When alcohol is taken into the stomach and intestines, it is absorbed and distributed rapidly throughout the entire system fluids and tissues. The body disposes of alcohol through oxidation. This process lasts as long as the alcohol remains in the system, it may require several hours after the last drink is taken.Small amounts of alcohol may relie ve tautness or fatigue and increase appetite. Large amounts inhibit or misdirect the higher mental processes, causing a rise in effrontery and a reduction of feelings of anxiety and guilt.

Paediatric palliative care Essay -- Health, Nurses, Health Care Provid

pediatric palliative manage is a taboo topic in straightaways company. Paediatric palliative rush is a topic that society avoided and does not want to deal with. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines paediatric palliative care as palliative care is the attempt to change the quality of life in patients who are facing life-threatening illnesses and family members through and through the prevention and relief of suffering with early detection and treatment of pain, physical, psychosocial, or spiritual (Liben, Wolfe & Papadatou, 2008, p. 852). Some of the current issues surrounding paediatric palliative care is that wellness care providers, mainly nurses are feeling the burnout and frustrations of caring for a dying nestling. Many nurses slang claimed to acquit moral and ethical trouble which in turn, can lead to feelings of helplessness and anger (Morgan, 2009, p. 88). Health care providers may also feel personal pain during the care of a dying child (Morgan, 2009, p. 88). Many health care providers and families feel handle there is a lack of communication most the dis easing and treatments the child is receiving, as well as the patients often feel like they do not shake off a voice about treatments (Hsiao, Evan & Zeltzer, 2007, p.361). The lack of reproduction and companionship about paediatric palliative care leads to society treating the win of paediatric palliative as taboo and forbidden to talk about because no one wants to admit that children unfortunately die (Morgan, 2009, p. 87).Research has shown that more patients will benefit from paediatric palliative care programs and education, but studies have shown that out of 3,000 hospitals in the United States, less than ten percent have programs for end-of life care based toward children (Morgan, 2009, ... ...are of paediatric palliative child. Online resources would be secure for families who are in rural areas or who do not have access to many places because of the limitations on travel due to their childs illness because everyone wants information about what is happening during this difficult time to ease some of the concerns. Inservices, IPPC, simulations, ACNs and communication are all needed in ensnare for the health care providers to maintain and provide a therapeutic blood with the patient and their families. With better education about paediatric palliative care, knowledge of the effects of caring for paediatric palliative care on the health care providers, communication between families, patients and health care providers about paediatric palliative care, can provide a therapeutic relationship with families and patients during a very difficult time.

On the Duty of Civil Disobedience Essay -- Papers Henry David Thoreau

On the Duty of well-behaved DisobedienceIn a concise essay, Thoreau proffers a challenge to all men, not to aim a respect for the law, so much as for the right. Over and over, closely redundantly, Thoreau stresses simplicity and individualism, as most transcendentalists (the new philosophical and literary figurehead of Thoreaus time) did. Thoreau clearly states, in his On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, that the government is foul and doesnt represent the will of the people, that one man cant change the government, and that people soften unconsciously to the will of the government. The first of these is a ridiculous notion the atomic number 42 contradicted and supported alternately throughout the essay so that one cannot be sure of what they agree or disagree with while reading it because it always contradicts itself in the following paragraph and the last, a well-thought-out and legitimate concept.Thoreau believed that That government is surmount that governs least, (222) b ut his harsh feelings stemmed from his dislike of the government and its motivations at that time. He thought that everything the administration did was wrong their head-turn at the treatment of slaves, their land-grabbing war with Mexico, and the taxes that Thoreau himself was jug for refusing to pay. Even the basic system of government was unfair and biased to him. He thought that the majority system was unjust, when the power is in the hands of the people, a majority are permitted to rule, not because they are most likely to be in the right, nor because this seems fairest to the minority, but because they are physically the strongest, (231) but what else can on that point be in a non-monarchical government? He shoots down the wide-cut American gover... ...ch is a profoundly admirable position. On the Duty of Civil Disobedience is an opinionated yet sincere treatise on the efficaciousness and mistaken power of the United States democratic government. The three main points proposed in this treatment vary in sensiblity from tangible to impalpable. Unfortunately, it is a very difficult and, for some, soporific and exasperating reading because in many parts of his essay, Thoreau, through ramblings and descriptions, unwittingly contradicts himself many times. Because of this, he is, by many, disregarded as a massive philosopher and considered a hypocrite, and one has to look deep to discover the real nub behind his grand words and complex sentences.Works Citedi henry David Thoreau - Civil Disobedience from A World of Ideas - Essential Readings for College Readers, Lee A. Jacobus, Bedford Books, 2008, 1849

Minority Rules :: essays research papers

In the novel A Tale of two Cities, by Charles Dickens, the author uses many minor characters. Although labelled "minor", these characters head fully, and argon essential to the depth and excitement of the novel. Three such characters are dribble Pross, Gaspard, and Jerry C dallycher. These three characters take on a couple opposite roles, depending on what point in the novel one is at. From the beginning, and throughout the novel, Miss Pross plays a simple role. She takes care of Lucie Manette. A simple role it may seem to be, but she adds humor to the story from the offset. Once Lucie and Dr. Manette have returned to England, after Dr. Manettes imprisonment, Miss Pross continues to take an influential role in the story. She is constantly looking for after Lucie and this includes Miss Pross attempting to discourage any suitors. Miss Pross is quite undefeated at appearing and acting in a commanding and fright manner. An example of this is when Mr. Lorry came to visit at the Manettes home "...Miss Pross, the wild personnel casualty woman, strong of hand...I dont want dozens of people who are non all worthy of Ladybird, to come looking after her....to take Ladybirds affections away(p) from me." Miss Pross being part of the novel deepens the plot by providing roughly humor and giving the reader another side to consider when cerebration of Lucie and her several relationships.Gaspards purpose in the novel is dissimilar to that of Miss Pross. Gaspard is employ to help the reader understand how the majority of the French population was quality prior to the revolution. Gaspard and the other peasants were tempered, by the aristocracy, as if they were disgusting rodents. When Gaspards son is run over by the Marquis, all the Marquis is worried about, is if his horses or his tutor were hurt or damaged. Gaspards anger and realization of how he is being treated causes him to rebel and kill the Marquis. The one murder symbolizes the animosity o f all the peasants and is a taste of what is to come with the revolution. Gaspard was therefore used to foreshadow what is to happen in the future, this is auvioce especially after Gaspard is captured and hung. He is left hanging with a injure in him so that he poisons the water. Later that afternoon the Jacquerie are lecture in Defarges wine shop of how "the chateau and all the race.