History of Rock n Roll

blue devil notes- Blue melodies are full of slightly altered pitches. Lowered 3rd and displace 7th 10. amount claim form (ABA)- a medicational bodily structure that typically consists of 2 harmonyal objet darts (A and B) played in quaternary sections. Each section is usually 8 appreciates long. 11 . Smooch air- lay singer for the easy listening, slow dancing love lines 12. 12-bar vapors approach- so called beca function each verse Is twelve bars long. No matter what the pacing of the song, there Is a basic stick around that Is counted in groups of four, with four defeat to each part.Arranged Into three groups of four measures. 13. Rockabilly Polymaths-The combination of twain contrasting lilting beats simultaneously. There are two main types of polymaths cpss that carry oer the bar and speech rhythm methods that exist within the bar. 14. Slide guitar- The term swoop is in reference to the sliding motion of the slide against the ranges, while bottleneck refer s to the skipper material of choice for such slides, which were the necks of glass bottles. 15. Station (Ref) Repeated mellisonant figures on the low wagon trains 16.Grist (Jail)- African unisonians who correspond most virtually to the blue devils singers hailstorm/musicians room northwest Africa. W. C. Handy 17. Double stops-is the act of vie two notes simultaneously on a melodic percussion dick (like a marimba) or stringed instrument (for example, a violin or a guitar). 18. Bent notes- to slightly alter the pitch of a note by pilling on a string, raising or lowering the voice, or modify or loosening the embouchure, or mouth position, on a horn. (Often considered a blue note) 19.Barbershops rhythm- The surface rhythm of a guitar substitute subdivides the basic beat into a triple pattern, resulting in a spirited, uneven rhythm. 20. Two-beat sea bass- bassist plays the root of the concord on the first beat of a 4/4 measure and the fifth of the harmonise on the third b eat of a measure. wakeless emphasis on beats 1 & 3. 21 . Tonic- the main or central pitch off major key. Tonic also refers to the chord that Is built on the first pitch of a scale and Is thence the mall or central chord, or home chord of a major or minor scale. 22.Dominant- The is heavily accented 24. Backseat- 2 & 4 beats are heavily accented 25. Subdivision- the fourth pitch of a major or minor scale. Also refers to the chord that is built on the fourth pitch of a scale. 26. Work song- a piece of music closely connected to a specific form of work, either birdsong while conducting a task ( practically to coordinate timing) or a song linked to a task or trade which might be a connected narrative, description, or protest song. 27. Strophic song form- a song form in which each verse of the text is call to the uniform music.The music for each verse stays the same, and only the lyrics change. 28. tie band- soonest country groups consist of lead birdsongist, suffer up vocalists, fiddles, acousticalal guitars, banjo, and acoustic bass (sometimes mandolin). 29. Turnaround-Very often on the last measure of the regression (measure 12), the prevailing chord is played to set up the return of the gross tonic chord at the beginning of the next verse. 30. Fill- The last two measures of each sing line are an performd instrumental passage, an instrumental response to the sung call.Know who the following people are and with which controversy or blue artists or styles they are associated 1. Charley Patton- Father of the Delta vapors 2. Cosmic Mahatmas- Owner, recording engineer, J & M Studios 3. Jerry Libber & Mike St hander- are among the most influential American songwriters and music producers in post-World War II popular music. . Alan Freed- known also as Monody, was an American disc-jockey who became internationally known for promoting African-American rhythm and colour music on the radio in the United States and atomic number 63 under the name of rock an d roll. . Phil & Leonard Chess- was a record company administrator and the founder of Chess Records 6. Big Mama Thornton- was an American rhythm and blues singer and songwriter. She was the first to record the hit song Hound mark in 1952. 7. Sam Philips- founder of Sun Studios in Memphis, TN 8. Scotty Moore- Lead guitarist in loony toons band 9. Cool. Tom Parker- Elvis manager 10. Eddie Cochran- was an American rock and roll musician and an important deflect on popular music during the late sass, early sass. 11.Dave Bartholomew Artist & Repertoire (A & R) Trumpet player, arranger, manager, band leader ( assume that a shame co wrote with Fats Domino) 12. Carl Perkins- Popular performer with Memphis rock and roll. tendency includes 1 . Anticipated chord 2. riffle selection 3. Dampens Strings 4. superstar and Double bends 5. Syncopated rhythms The Blues Call and response transaction technique from work songs. (Eased the drudgery of work) Deciding melody from field hollers m ake enforce of of blue notes lowered 3rd and 7th scale degrees Simple agreeable progression ( l, V, V) from church hymns, folk songs.Strophic claim create Series of verses, basically same tone lyrics change clownish and Western (southerly country and southwesterly country swing) Southern Country General Characteristics Simple Melodies (narrow range wide-eyed surface rhythms) Simple Harmonic structures Simple rhythms , clear meters single-valued function of two beat bass Little elaborate instrumental improvisation Vocalists often have a in straitened circumstances(p) quality, slide from pitch to pitch, lend oneself outturn technique Texts often about unrequited love Lilted lovers) Blues + Country = Southern Country Style Jimmie Rogers (1867-1933) sometimes called father of country music Blue Yodel (recur. 927) Tea for Texas Hank Williams (1923- 1953) Move it On Over (recur. 1949) The Carter Family south Country Swing Mixes elements of southern country with big band sw ing. Originated in the Texas string bands, late sasss -early sasss To country swing band added Drums flaccid mark Guitar (often) Horn Section Performed same repertoire as country band, further also included popular make out, pop and blues songs. Players encouraged to improvise Influenced mainstream country with use of drums, piano, electric instruments Bob Willis (1905 1975) Swing Blues (recur. 936) boogie-woogie Woozier Woozier was popular with dance bands & their audiences Also known as honey ton from the type of bar in which the style originated. Possibly from Madding word rag to beat a drum Possibly from English slang bogy at first meaning dark apparitions. Later used to list blacks in a derogatory fashion. Characteristics Eight quick pulses per measure (8 to the bar) Uses the barbershops rhythm (bounced) Improvised right hand part Steady pattern ( plaza flip-flop in left handUses 12 bar blues progression do Lewis Rhythm and Blues General Characteristics Blue eleme nts Strophic song form ABA blues text form Melodic style (descending melody, blue notes) 12-bar blues progression boogie Woozier elements station bass line 8-pulse rhythm (walking rhythm Constant) barbershops rhythm Big band swing elements performance style instrumentationpiano, guitar, bass, drums (rhythm section), horns, Be prepared to recognize artists discussed in class who are representative of these styles. Be familiar with the specific style characteristics of agrestic Texas blues Single-note bass string runs Repatriated chords (chord that is spread) Repeated melodic, rhythmic figures (riffs) on bass strings Alternate playing on bass and treble strings (Alternate high and low) Single String Melody Fills Blind Lemon Jefferson (c. 1883-1929) Heart Attack found wintery the next day in his Cadillac. Field Holler Style Rural Mississippi delta blues- Frequent sliding from note to note Play slide guitar Wailing style of vocalizing (forlorn) Small Melodic Range (low -up a little then back down) Intricate Polymaths Rhythmic Choral fills (rather than melodic) percussive playing styleCharley Patton Father of the Delta Blues Robert Johnson (c. 1911-1938) Cross Road Blues (recur. 1936) Song Echoes his selling his soul to the devil Died from complications of pneumonia from whiskey laced with strychnine) Part of the 27 Club Texas Urban Blues Stronger influence on other blues, Jazz then on rock in general use horns in back up band saxophone often the soloing instrument Strong Piano basis (rather than guitar) Aaron T-bone walker (1910-1975) Call it Stormy Monday Blues (recur. 1947) Huge influence on rock guitarists Urban clams blues- Derived from Mississippi Delta Blues Use of slide guitarFrequent slides surrounded by notes Frequent use of bent notes Frequent use of dual stopped strings Intricate rhythm patterns, polymaths Single string fills (esp B. B. King) Muddy (grandmother gave him this) Waters (from his Job) (1915-1984) McKinley Northfield Blow Wind Blow (recur. 1950) Harmonica (unique sound) B. B King Northern band rock n roll (Bill Haley) Style Characteristics A steady, mechanical meter Fast tempos Staccato guitar chords on the back beat (2 and 4) A slapped, walking bass line (clicking) A boogie woozier station (often, not always) Bill Haley and The Comets Shake, Rattle, and curlerCombines Western String Band (lead & accentuate vocals, acoustic rhythm guitar, electric lead guitar, steel guitar) with rhythm and blues (bass, drums, piano, tenor saxophone) New Orleans dance rock- An overall bass foundation chickgie Woozier Barbershops rhythm (bounce feel) The basic beat is often subdivided into 3 quick pulses (triplet feel) Rhythms and meters are looser than the stiff, mechanical meters of Bill Haley and the Memphis Country style. Surface rhythms vary from a lively, bouncy beat to a slow, intense shuffle beat. Lead vocalists featured conspicuously Rarely any background singingRhythm & Blues band lead vocal, piano, acoustic bass, drums, guitar, tenor saxophone Cosmic Mates Owner, recording engineer, J & M Studios Dave Bartholomew Artist & Repertoire (A & R) Trumpet player, arranger, manager, band leader Antoine Fats Domino cordially Creole accent 2 handed boogie woozier style give the axe song structures Fat Man Blue Berry Hill Standard Song Form Little Richard Penman Fire and Brimstone singing style Gospel oriented, influenced Frenetic, energetic performing style Tenor Sax Solo about 2/3 into song Memphis country rock Rhythm & Blues Elements Emphasis on back beat 2 bar blues format Country and Western Elements Instrumentation (string bands) inexorable rhythms Nasal singing style Pronunciation (accent) Overall treble predominate sound (twangs) Instrumentation Lead Electric guitar acoustic rhythm guitar Acoustic bass (slap bass 2 beat (Beats 1 & 3)) Drums, Piano (After c. 1956) Generally no backup singers Lead Guitar Style Bright, tinny character Corresponds with nasal voice Primarily country st yle picking (finger postsecondary on delta blues style (slide) Vocal Characteristics Stuttering, yelps, cracked falsetto Sometimes slur spoken language together Nasal singingOther characteristics Generally fast tempos Propelled by slapped bass Looser find of rhythm than New Orleans Dance Recorded with natural studio echo Developed principally at Sun Studios, Memphis, TN (Sam Phillips) Carl Perkins-guitar style- Anticipated Chords feel Picking Dampens Strings Single and Double Bends Syncopated Rhythms Elvis Presleyvocal style and influences Vocal Styles influences Country Clear pronunciation Southern accent aesthesis of melodic phrasing Hiccup, stutter (from yodel) Rural Blues Vocal Delivery (groups, blue notes) White Gospel Clear, four part harmonies stark Gospel Exuberant performing styles (shouting Etc) Pop Low tones, vibrato Chicago rock n roll Time Generally Fast Tempos Hard-driving beat take down beat subdivisions Sound Guitar based bands Soloists are guitarists Instrume ntation like R&B Band Vocal, Electric Guitar, Bass, Drums, Piano May use horns for background riffing Generally no back-up singers Guitar style derived from Chicago blues Slide Guitar Finger sliding on strings Multiple -stopped strings (& bends) Hard, percussive picking style Harmony 12 bar blues progression Form Strophic Texts Often Narrative Chuck Berryguitar style and influencesStyle Characteristics Strong use of syncopated rhythms Use of repeated rhythms, melodic figures (riffs) Guitar accompaniment from boogie woozier accompaniment Use of double & multiple stops Finger slides, single & double notes Click introductory figure Guitar Sources Charlie Christian, Carl Hogan Jazz) Muddy Waters, T-Bone Walker (Blues) Melodic Sense Illinois Jacket daze Sax) Influenced by Muddy Waters, John Lee slut Heavy use of revere in amplifier Raw edged blues sound Chant like, rhythmic solos Rhythms based on Cuba rhythm (Boo Diddled Rhythm or Hammond rhythm) Buddy Hollyguitar and vocal styles Comb ines elements of Memphis & Chicago Rock and Roll Background in Country & Western Vocal Characteristics Highpoint/Stuttering Changing vocal tone color mid-song Recorded own material almost wholly First group with line-up of electric lead and rhythm guitars, bass, drums, and everyone sings. Double track vocals and guitar solos (recorded voice 2nd) Popularized use of Fender Cotoneaster guitar.Vocal group rock n roll Predecessors Black vocal harmony groups 1890-sasss sass ass Mills Brothers, Ink descry Vocal Traits based Gospel traditions High tenor against low, rumbling bass Backing harmonies fill in chord Call and response between lead tenor and back-singers Sound Lead Vocalist supported by 3-4 back-up vocalists Tight, close harmony singing (barbershop style) Backup sings nonsense syllables Instrumentalists rich in background (except for solos) Band guitar, drums, bass, piano, tenor saxophone Form many an(prenominal) songs in standard song form Harmony Many songs use the do whop progression Tonic (major) Substantiated (minor) Subdivision Dominant (l -IV-IV-V) C C- A mint -F -G Other Many one or two hit wonders Many Bird Groups (Orioles, Ravens, Penguins, Larks Etc) Many Car Groups (Falsehoods, El Dorado, Impalas Etc)